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Doing Business in Tanzania

Tanzania is a rapidly developing business environment, making it an excellent place for investors. The country has a stable political climate, a favourable geographic location in East Africa, and is filled with natural resources, making it an attractive destination for numerous opportunities. The country is interested in promoting investment through pro-business policies, tax incentives, and infrastructure.

Whether you are looking to tap into the emerging consumer market or target opportunities in key sectors, Tanzania offers a favourable climate for long-term growth. Doing business in Tanzania requires understanding local regulations, securing necessary permits, and building strong relationships. Ensure you get your Tanzania eVisa for smooth entry.

Why Invest in Tanzania?

The Tanzanian economy is diversified, with key sectors being agriculture, mining, tourism, and manufacturing. The government actively promotes foreign investment through policies that encourage business growth, infrastructure development, and economic reforms.

Key Advantages of Doing Business in Tanzania

The following are some of the advantages of doing business in Tanzania:

  • Political Stability: One of Africa’s most stable countries, with peaceful transitions of power.
  • Strategic Location: A gateway to East and Central Africa, with access to the Indian Ocean.
  • Growing Market: A population of over 65 million, with increasing expansions and middle-class growth.
  • Rich Natural Resources: Includes gold, natural gas, uranium, and fertile agricultural land.
  • Government Incentives: Investment-friendly policies and free economic zones.

Economic Overview of Tanzania 

The Tanzanian economy is diversified, with numerous key sectors. The country has experienced steady economic growth over the past decade, driven by infrastructure development, foreign investment, and economic reforms. Key indicators are:

  • GDP Growth: Tanzania's GDP growth rate has averaged 6-7%per annum over the past few years.
  • Natural Resources: Tanzania is full of natural resources, including gold, diamonds, and natural gas.

Top Sectors for Investment in Tanzania

Tanzania offers a range of investment opportunities across various sectors. The government has implemented policies to attract foreign investment, including tax incentives and simplified business registration processes.

Agriculture & Agribusiness

Tanzania’s agricultural industry is crucial to its economy, as it possesses fertile land and a favourable climate. The primary agricultural products include coffee, tea, cashew nuts, cotton, and maize, which are not only essential for local consumption but also for export.

The industry provides investment opportunities in agribusiness, agro-processing, and export trade. Farmers can diversify into value-added activities such as food processing, packaging, and distribution. Investors can invest in sustainable agricultural practices, irrigation systems, and agrotechnology to boost profitability. With demand for high-quality, organic foods on the rise, Tanzania’s agricultural sector offers potential for economic growth and job creation.

Tourism & Hospitality

Tanzania's tourism and hospitality industry is one of the country's best economic sectors, attracting millions of visitors each year to famous destinations such as Serengeti National Park, Zanzibar's stunning coastline, and Mount Kilimanjaro. Tanzania's landscapes, wildlife, and culture create strong demand for tourism services.

There are investment opportunities in ecotourism, including nature-friendly travel experiences, luxury and safari lodges, and adventure tourism. There is also scope to develop niche markets, such as cultural tourism, wellness retreats, and community-based tourism enterprises, positioning the industry as a destination for domestic and foreign investors alike.

Mining & Natural Resources

The mining sector in Tanzania is among the country's economic pillars. The government is Africa’s 4th-largest gold producer, with investment flowing into various operations. Along with gold, Tanzania boasts enormous reserves of diamonds, tanzanite (a gemstone found only in Tanzania), graphite, and rare earth minerals.

With local processing and value addition supported by country policy, the investor can seek business in mineral processing and export. The sector also benefits from infrastructure development and regulatory changes aimed at attracting responsible mining investment.

Energy & Infrastructure

Tanzania's energy and infrastructure sectors are experiencing growth driven by rising electricity consumption and improved road infrastructure. There is investment in renewable energy, and opportunities are growing in solar, wind, and hydropower projects to enhance access to electricity.

Massive infrastructure development projects, including roads, railways (including SGR), and port upgrades, are being planned to enable economic growth and intraregional trade. These high-value investment opportunities are attractive to energy production, construction, and logistics companies and position Tanzania as a key infrastructure and energy development centre in East Africa.

Manufacturing & Industrialization

Tanzania's manufacturing and industrialisation sector is one of the country’s areas of focus in its economic development strategy, encouraging domestic production to reduce import demand. The country has the potential to process food, textiles, cement, and pharmaceuticals for both domestic and external markets.

As a result of population growth and urbanisation, domestic consumption of locally produced goods is increasing, creating a valuable investment climate. Furthermore, special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial parks provide infrastructure, making Tanzania an attractive place for industrial and manufacturing operations.

Information & Communication Technology (ICT)

Tanzania's ICT sector is growing, driven by internet penetration and mobile money services such as M-Pesa and Tigo Pesa. With a tech-savvy young population, the country provides enormous opportunities in fintech, e-commerce, and IT services. Entrepreneurs and investors can tap into opportunities in digital payments, online platforms, and software development demands.

The country is also enabling ICT development through initiatives such as the National ICT Broadband Backbone, which enhances connectivity nationwide. As digital transformation accelerates, Tanzania's ICT industry offers promising opportunities for business and innovation development.

Legal and Regulatory Framework in Tanzania

Understanding Tanzania’s legal and regulatory framework is essential for doing business in the country. Key laws and regulations include:

  • Companies Act, 2002: Governs company incorporation and operations.
  • Tanzania Investment Act, 2022: Regulates foreign investment and provides approved incentives.
  • Employment and Labour Relations Act, 2004: Governs labour practices and employee rights.
  • Tax Administration Act, 2015, and Income Tax Act, 2004: Outline tax obligations and compliance procedures.

Business Registration & Licensing in Tanzania

To legally operate a business in Tanzania, you must register it with the relevant authorities.

  • Business Registration: Register a business name or company with the Business Registrations and Licensing Agency (BRELA).
  • Choose a structure: Sole proprietorship, partnership, or limited liability company (private or public).
  • Company Incorporation: Foreign investors commonly register a Private Limited Company under the Companies Act, 2002. At least one shareholder and one director are required. The company must have a registered office address in Tanzania.
  • Licensing & Permits: Most businesses require a business licence from the relevant municipal or local authority. Regulated industries such as mining, telecommunications, banking, energy, and insurance require sector-specific licences from the appropriate regulatory authorities.

Taxation in Tanzania

Tanzania’s tax system includes corporate taxes, VAT, and other business-related levies.

Tax Type

Tanzania 

Corporate Tax

30% standard corporate income tax under the Income Tax Act 2004.

Value-Added Tax (VAT)

18% standard rate under the Value Added Tax Act 2014.

Withholding Tax

Generally, 5%-15%, depending on the type of payment (dividends, interest, royalties, etc.).

Payroll Tax (PAYE)

Progressive personal income tax up to 30% maximum. Employers also contribute to social security schemes.

Customs Duties

0%, 10%, 25%, and 35% under the East African Community (EAC) Common External Tariff system.

Tip: These tax policies are subject to change, so businesses should stay informed by the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA).

Foreign Investment & Ownership Rules in Tanzania

Here's an overview of key foreign investment and ownership rules in Tanzania:

  • Foreign investors may own 100% of most businesses, except in restricted sectors.
  • Foreigners cannot own land outright but may obtain derivative rights or long-term leases, usually through TIC or a locally registered company.
  • Profits, dividends, and capital can be repatriated after meeting tax obligations.
  • Foreign investors must comply with corporate tax (30%), VAT (18%), and applicable withholding taxes.
  • TIC provides approved incentives in priority sectors, subject to eligibility.
  • Compliance with Tanzanian labour laws and work permit rules is mandatory.

Labour Laws & Employment Regulations in Tanzania

Tanzania has a clear legal framework regulating employment relationships. The law covers employment contracts, work permits, wages, and termination, protecting both employers and employees.

  • Employment Contracts: Employment contracts must be in writing if the employment duration exceeds 6 months. These contracts should outline essential terms, including job responsibilities, salary, working hours, leave entitlement, and termination conditions.
  • Work Permits & Visas: Foreign employees must obtain both a work permit and a residence permit before legally working in Tanzania:
  • The Labour Commissioner (under the Ministry responsible for Labour) issues work permits allowing foreign nationals to be employed in the country.
  • The Immigration Department issues residence permits permitting foreign employees to legally reside in Tanzania.
  • Minimum Wage: The minimum wage in Tanzania varies by industry and sector. The government sets wage rates through wage orders and periodically reviews them in line with economic conditions.
  • Working Hours: The standard workweek in Tanzania is 45 hours, typically spread over 5 or 6 days. Any hours worked beyond the statutory limit are subject to overtime pay in accordance with labour laws.
  • Severance Pay: Employers must provide severance pay mainly in cases of redundancy. The compensation is generally calculated at not less than 7 days’ basic wage for each completed year of service, subject to statutory limits.

Tanzania's labour laws aim to protect workers' rights while ensuring a fair and stable working environment for businesses. Employers must comply with these regulations to maintain lawful employment practices.

Business Cultural Considerations in Tanzania

Understanding Tanzanian culture and business etiquette is crucial for building strong relationships and succeeding in the market. Here are some key cultural tips to consider:

  • Relationships Matter: Building trust and personal relationships is essential in the Tanzanian business culture.
  • Hierarchy and Respect: Tanzanian society is hierarchical, and it is essential to show respect to elders and those in positions of authority.
  • Communication Style: Tanzanians value politeness and indirect communication. Avoid being overly aggressive or confrontational.
  • Dress Code: Business attire is generally formal, with men wearing suits and women wearing conservative dresses or suits.

Challenges of Doing Business in Tanzania

While Tanzania offers significant opportunities, businesses must navigate several challenges:

  • Bureaucracy: Complex and time-consuming administrative processes can delay business operations.
  • Infrastructure Deficits: Poor infrastructure, especially in rural areas, can increase costs and logistical challenges.
  • Access to Finance: Limited access to financing, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), is a common issue.
  • Corruption: Despite government efforts, corruption remains a challenge in some sectors.
  • Skills Gap: The education system does not always produce graduates with the skills employers need.

Tips for a Successful Business in Tanzania

Here are key strategies to help you navigate and thrive in the country.

  • Understand Local Business Culture: Personal relationships matter; building trust with partners and government officials is key.
  • Work with Local Experts: Hire legal and tax consultants to navigate regulations.
  • Leverage Government Incentives: Register with the Tanzania Investment Centre for tax breaks and support.
  • Have a Strong Compliance Strategy: Stay up to date with regulatory changes to avoid penalties.
  • Learn Basic Swahili: It helps in negotiations and relationship-building.

Content Disclaimer: While this information was last updated in February 2026, we strongly suggest confirming all travel details with the appropriate governmental agencies, embassies, and airlines.